Recognition of States

a) Tobar or Wilson Principle
The Tobar or Wilson was expressed in a treaty of the Central American Republics in 1907 at the suggestion of Foreign Minister Tobar of Ecuador and reiterated in 1931 by President Woodrow Wilson of the United States. It states that the recognition of states shall not be extended to any government established by recognition, civil war, coup d’etat or other forms of internal violence until the freely elected representatives of the people have organized a constitutional government.
b) Stimson Doctrine
The Stimson Doctrine is a policy of the United States federal government, enunciated in a note of January 7, 1932 to Japan and China, of non-recognition of international territorial changes affected by force.
Named after Henry L. Stimson, United States Secretary of State in the Hoover Administration (1929–1933), the policy followed Japan's unilateral seizure of Manchuria in northeastern China following action by Japanese soldiers at Mukden (now Shenyang), on September 18, 1931.
The principles of this doctrine were also used in the U.S. Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles's declaration of July 23, 1940, on the non-recognition policy of the Soviet annexation and incorporation of three Baltic countries — Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. These principles were still applied until the de facto restoration of independence of these three Baltic nations in August 1991.
c) Estrada Doctrine
A recognition of states approach, also known as the Estrada doctrine, is a development on the earlier recognition of governments approach whereby a government would recognize another governments. This caused political problems following an unconstitutional change in the government of another state.
It is the policy of recognizing states rather than governments. It is an alternative to the method of express recognition, in which an express statement is made according or withholding recognition after each unconstitutional change of government, and tacit recognition in which, only under exceptional circumstances, is a recognition statement made.
It was first enunciated by Mexico's foreign minister Genaro Estrada, in 1930.
The Estrada Doctrine is the name of Mexico's core Foreign Policy ideal from 1930 to 2000. Its name derives from Genaro Estrada, Secretary of Foreign Affairs during the Presidency of Pascual Ortiz Rubio.
The Estrada Doctrine favored an enclosed view of sovereignty. It claimed that foreign governments should not judge, for good or bad, governments or changes in governments in other nations, because it would imply a breach to its sovereignty.[1]
During the Fox Administration (2000-2007), both Ministers of Foreign Affairs, Jorge Castañeda and Luis Ernesto Derbez, tried to discontinue this Doctrine.

States with no recognition
- Somaliland

Recognition by unrecognized states only
- Abkhazia
- Nagorno-Karabakh
- South Ossetia
- Transnistria

Limited recognition
- Kosovo
- Republic of China (Taiwan) (ROC)
- Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR)
- Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC)

Majority recognition
- Cyprus
- Czech Republic
- Israel
- Liechtenstein
- North Korea
- South Korea
- Palestine
- People's Republic of China (PRC)
- Slovakia
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